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Technical guides, storage best practices, application guidelines, and troubleshooting support.

Proper Storage Ensures Product Performance

Storage Conditions
  • Temperature: 15–30°C (ambient)
  • Relative Humidity: <60% (ideally <50%)
  • Cool, dry, well-ventilated area
  • Away from direct sunlight
  • Keep containers sealed when not in use
  • Nitrogen blanketing for long-term storage of fine grades
Segregation Requirements
  • Away from oxidizing agents (acids, peroxides, nitrates)
  • Separate from alkaline substances
  • Avoid contamination from other metal powders
  • Never mix with halogens or halogen compounds
  • Keep away from ignition sources
  • Proper grounding of handling equipment
Shelf Life
Grade RangeShelf LifeNotes
A118, A123, A128 (Fine)12–24 monthsCheck apparent density after 6 months
A135, A200, A210 (Coarse)18–24 monthsMore stable due to lower surface area
Nitrogen-blanketedExtendedSignificantly longer shelf life
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Dust masks: FFP2 or N95 rated minimum (fine grades)
  • Safety glasses or face shield
  • Gloves: Nitrile or chemical-resistant
  • Work clothing to minimize skin contact
  • Use local exhaust ventilation for fine powders
  • Wet cleaning preferred over sweeping

⚠️ First Aid: Inhalation — move to fresh air. Skin contact — wash with soap and water. Eye contact — rinse with water for 15 minutes. Ingestion — rinse mouth, do NOT induce vomiting, seek medical attention immediately. Complete Safety Data Sheet (SDS) available on request.

Processing Best Practices

Powder Metallurgy Processing

Mixing Protocol

  • Add copper powder to iron/bronze powder SLOWLY
  • Mix minimum 15–20 minutes (V-blender or similar)
  • Add lubricant (zinc stearate, wax) LAST at 0.75–1.5%
  • Target: Homogeneous distribution, no visible streaks

Compaction Parameters

  • Pressure: 400–700 MPa typical
  • Green density target: 6.2–7.2 g/cm³
  • Speed: 10–30 mm/s
  • Die lubrication or admixed lubricant required

Sintering Conditions

  • Atmosphere: Reducing (H₂, cracked ammonia, N₂-H₂)
  • Dewpoint: -20°C to -40°C (CRITICAL for copper)
  • Cu-rich alloys: 850–950°C
  • Cu-iron: 1100–1150°C | Bronze: 800–850°C

Friction Materials Processing

Resin-Bonded Pads

  • Copper content: 5–15% typical (automotive)
  • Mix copper with fillers BEFORE adding phenolic resin
  • Binder: Phenolic resin 15–25%
  • Hot pressing: 150–180°C, 20–35 MPa, 5–15 min

Sintered Metal Pads (Railway)

  • Copper content: 30–60% (heavy-duty)
  • Iron powder: 20–40%
  • Hot pressing: 650–750°C, 30–50 MPa, 3–10 min
  • Density target: 6.5–7.2 g/cm³

Diamond Tool Processing

Matrix Formulation

  • Copper content: 30–80% depending on application
  • Bronze powder (Cu-Sn 89-11) commonly used
  • Iron powder addition for hardness
  • Optional: Co, WC for reinforcement

Hot Pressing (Preferred)

  • Temperature: 700–900°C
  • Pressure: 25–35 MPa
  • Time: 2–5 minutes at temperature
  • Atmosphere: Vacuum or N₂/Ar protective gas

Grade by Diamond Size

  • Fine (400–800 grit): Use A118, A123
  • Medium (60–200 grit): Use A128, A135
  • Coarse (20–50 grit): Use A135, A200
  • Matrix hardness target: 85–100 HRB

Common Problems & Solutions

Poor Flowability in Free-Flowing Grades

Symptoms: Powder doesn't flow through Hall funnel or clumps in die.
Likely Causes: Moisture absorption, agglomeration, contamination.
Solutions: Dry powder at 80–100°C for 1–2 hours. Re-screen if severe agglomeration. Check storage conditions for moisture ingress. Verify packaging seal integrity.

Low Green Strength in Compacts

Symptoms: Parts crack during ejection or handling before sintering.
Likely Causes: Oxidized powder surface, excessive lubricant, incorrect mixing.
Solutions: Use fresh powder. Reduce lubricant content (<1.5%). Increase mixing time. Check compaction pressure. Verify powder grade matches application.

High Sintered Porosity

Symptoms: Final parts have higher porosity than expected.
Likely Causes: Oxidation during sintering, poor atmosphere control, insufficient sintering.
Solutions: Verify atmosphere dewpoint (-20 to -40°C). Increase sintering time or temperature. Check oxygen content in powder. Ensure protective atmosphere from room temperature. Check for furnace leaks.

Uneven Friction Coefficient

Symptoms: Inconsistent braking performance, variation within batch.
Likely Causes: Poor copper distribution in friction material mix.
Solutions: Increase mixing time (15–20 min minimum). Verify apparent density of copper powder batch. Check for segregation during processing. Ensure proper mixing equipment.

Premature Diamond Pull-Out in Tools

Symptoms: Diamonds fall out of matrix before wearing away.
Likely Causes: Matrix too soft, insufficient copper content, poor sintering.
Solutions: Increase copper percentage in matrix. Add strengthening elements (iron, cobalt). Optimize hot pressing conditions (temp, pressure, time). Verify diamond surface treatment.

Excessive Dimensional Change After Sintering

Symptoms: Parts grow or shrink more than expected.
Likely Causes: Powder characteristics, improper formulation, sintering conditions.
Solutions: Review powder grade selection. Adjust formulation (graphite content, alloy additions). Optimize sintering temperature and time. Consider pre-mixed powder with controlled dimensional change.

Technical Documents

Download our technical documentation. Contact us to receive the latest versions by email.

Product Brochure
Complete catalog — all 6 grades, applications, company info
Request
Technical Data Sheets (All Grades)
Individual TDS for A118, A123, A128, A135, A200, A210
Open PDF
Sample Certificate of Analysis
Example COA format showing all test parameters
Request
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Hazard information, handling precautions, first aid
Request
PM Processing Guide
Best practices for powder metallurgy applications
Request
Friction Materials Guide
Formulation guidelines and processing parameters
Request

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the minimum order quantity?

Standard grades: 100 kg minimum. Special/custom grades: 250 kg minimum. Samples: 1–5 kg available (charges apply). Contact us to discuss your specific requirements.

What are typical lead times?

Standard grades ex-stock: 7–10 days. Production orders: 3–4 weeks. Custom grades: 4–6 weeks. Samples: 5–7 days. Lead times may vary based on order volume and current production schedule.

Do you provide samples for testing?

Yes, we provide samples (1–5 kg) for evaluation. Terms and charges apply. Contact us with your grade requirements and application details. We include a Certificate of Analysis and Technical Data Sheet with every sample.

Can you develop custom grades?

Yes, we offer custom grade development for specific particle size distributions, apparent density targets, higher purity levels (>99.85%), and special packaging requirements. Minimum 50 kg for trials, 250 kg for production. Development typically takes 2–4 weeks.

What testing standards do you follow?

We test per IS 4848 (Apparent Density), IS 4840 (Flow Rate), IS 460 (Sieve Analysis), IS 440 (Chemical Analysis), and ASTM equivalent standards (B212, B213, B214, E53). Certificate of Analysis accompanies every shipment.

Do you export internationally?

Yes, we're export-ready with proven shipments experience through our parent company ROOP METALS PVT LTD. We can ship globally with appropriate export documentation, Letter of Credit accepted for international orders.

What payment terms do you offer?

Standard: 30% advance, 70% before dispatch. Credit terms available for established customers. Letter of Credit (LC) accepted for export orders. Contact us to discuss terms for long-term supply contracts.

How is the powder packaged?

Standard: 25 kg HDPE drums (fine grades A118–A128) or 50 kg fiber drums (coarse grades A135–A210). Custom packaging available: 5 kg, 10 kg, 200 kg bulk bags. Nitrogen blanketing and custom labeling available on request.

Need Technical Assistance?

Our technical team is available to help with grade selection, process optimization, troubleshooting, and custom development.